docker run 的常用参数用法

Docker run 作为运行容器的直接入口，命令参数相当丰富，使用它可以启动容器，使容器拥有自己的文件系统、网络以及关系进程树。

Docker run 命令基本结构：

$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG|@DIGEST] [COMMAND] [ARG...]

为了更好理解，我们将参数分为以下几类：

1. 容器管理：
   • 后台程序和前台交互程序
   • 器的定义
2. 网络设置
3. CPU和内存的runtime
4. 权限和LXC配置

-a, --attach=[]             Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--add-host=[]               Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--blkio-weight=0            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
-c, --cpu-shares=0          CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[]                Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[]               Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent=            Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile=                  Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period=0              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0               Limit the CPU CFS quota
--cpuset-cpus=              CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems=              MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach=false          Run container in background and print container ID
--device=[]                 Add a host device to the container
--dns=[]                    Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[]             Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[]                Set environment variables
--entrypoint=               Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[]               Read in a file of environment variables
--expose=[]                 Expose a port or a range of ports
-h, --hostname=             Container host name
--help=false                Print usage
-i, --interactive=false     Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--init=                     Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
--ipc=                      IPC namespace to use
-l, --label=[]              Set meta data on a container
--label-file=[]             Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link=[]                   Add link to another container
--log-driver=               Logging driver for container
--log-opt=[]                Log driver options
--lxc-conf=[]               Add custom lxc options
-m, --memory=               Memory limit
--mac-address=              Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--memory-swap=              Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--name=                     Assign a name to the container
--net=bridge                Set the Network mode for the container
--oom-kill-disable=false    Disable OOM Killer
-P, --publish-all=false     Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[]            Publish a container's port(s) to the host
--pid=                      PID namespace to use
--privileged=false          Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false           Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart=no                Restart policy to apply when a container exits
--rm=false                  Automatically remove the container when it exits
--security-opt=[]           Security Options
--sig-proxy=true            Proxy received signals to the process
-t, --tty=false             Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user=                 Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--ulimit=[]                 Ulimit options
--uts=                      UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[]             Bind mount a volume
--volumes-from=[]           Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir=              Working directory inside the container