• create
  • run

    create

    • 用法
    1. Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
    3. Create a new container
    5.       -a, --attach=[]             Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
    6.       --add-host=[]               Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
    7.       --blkio-weight=0            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
    8.       -c, --cpu-shares=0          CPU shares (relative weight)
    9.       --cap-add=[]                Add Linux capabilities
    10.       --cap-drop=[]               Drop Linux capabilities
    11.       --cgroup-parent=            Optional parent cgroup for the container
    12.       --cidfile=                  Write the container ID to the file
    13.       --cpu-period=0              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
    14.       --cpu-quota=0               Limit the CPU CFS quota
    15.       --cpuset-cpus=              CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    16.       --cpuset-mems=              MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    17.       --device=[]                 Add a host device to the container
    18.       --dns=[]                    Set custom DNS servers
    19.       --dns-search=[]             Set custom DNS search domains
    20.       -e, --env=[]                Set environment variables
    21.       --entrypoint=               Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
    22.       --env-file=[]               Read in a file of environment variables
    23.       --expose=[]                 Expose a port or a range of ports
    24.       -h, --hostname=             Container host name
    25.       --help=false                Print usage
    26.       -i, --interactive=false     Keep STDIN open even if not attached
    27.       --init=                     Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
    28.       --ipc=                      IPC namespace to use
    29.       -l, --label=[]              Set meta data on a container
    30.       --label-file=[]             Read in a line delimited file of labels
    31.       --link=[]                   Add link to another container
    32.       --log-driver=               Logging driver for container
    33.       --log-opt=[]                Log driver options
    34.       --lxc-conf=[]               Add custom lxc options
    35.       -m, --memory=               Memory limit
    36.       --mac-address=              Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
    37.       --memory-swap=              Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
    38.       --name=                     Assign a name to the container
    39.       --net=bridge                Set the Network mode for the container
    40.       --oom-kill-disable=false    Disable OOM Killer
    41.       -P, --publish-all=false     Publish all exposed ports to random ports
    42.       -p, --publish=[]            Publish a container's port(s) to the host
    43.       --pid=                      PID namespace to use
    44.       --privileged=false          Give extended privileges to this container
    45.       --read-only=false           Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
    46.       --restart=no                Restart policy to apply when a container exits
    47.       --security-opt=[]           Security Options
    48.       -t, --tty=false             Allocate a pseudo-TTY
    49.      -u, --user=                 Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
    50.       --ulimit=[]                 Ulimit options
    51.       --uts=                      UTS namespace to use
    52.       -v, --volume=[]             Bind mount a volume
    53.       --volumes-from=[]           Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
    54.       -w, --workdir=              Working directory inside the container
    • 例子
    1. $ sudo docker create ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'
    2. a637c1d67506951928be296f2db02fa3e2b6e974ef371b181d9c26d1c8995963
    3. $...

    若有如上输出则代表容器创建成功

    1. $ sudo docker ps -a
    2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                     CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    3. a637c1d67506        ubuntu:latest            "/bin/echo 'Hello wo        4 minutes ago                                               mad_hopper
    4. ...

    然后在启动它

    1. $ sudo docker start a637c1d67506
    2. a637c1d67506
    3. $...

    启动成功后会反回容器ID。

    1. $ docker ps -a
    2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                   CREATED                STATUS                                 PORTS           NAMES
    3. a637c1d67506        ubuntu:latest           "/bin/echo 'Hello wo       10 minutes ago         Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                               mad_hopper
    • 总结

    当我们去查看容器状态时，容器没有在运行，这时因为我们在创建容器的时候，让容器执行的命令是/bin/echo ‘Hello world’，当容器执行完命令的时候就终止结束了。

    run

    • 用法
    1. Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
    3. Run a command in a new container
    5.      -a, --attach=[]             Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
    6.       --add-host=[]               Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
    7.       --blkio-weight=0            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
    8.       -c, --cpu-shares=0          CPU shares (relative weight)
    9.       --cap-add=[]                Add Linux capabilities
    10.       --cap-drop=[]               Drop Linux capabilities
    11.       --cgroup-parent=            Optional parent cgroup for the container
    12.       --cidfile=                  Write the container ID to the file
    13.       --cpu-period=0              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
    14.       --cpu-quota=0               Limit the CPU CFS quota
    15.       --cpuset-cpus=              CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    16.       --cpuset-mems=              MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    17.       -d, --detach=false          Run container in background and print container ID
    18.       --device=[]                 Add a host device to the container
    19.       --dns=[]                    Set custom DNS servers
    20.       --dns-search=[]             Set custom DNS search domains
    21.       -e, --env=[]                Set environment variables
    22.       --entrypoint=               Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
    23.       --env-file=[]               Read in a file of environment variables
    24.       --expose=[]                 Expose a port or a range of ports
    25.       -h, --hostname=             Container host name
    26.       --help=false                Print usage
    27.       -i, --interactive=false     Keep STDIN open even if not attached
    28.       --init=                     Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
    29.       --ipc=                      IPC namespace to use
    30.       -l, --label=[]              Set meta data on a container
    31.       --label-file=[]             Read in a line delimited file of labels
    32.       --link=[]                   Add link to another container
    33.       --log-driver=               Logging driver for container
    34.       --log-opt=[]                Log driver options
    35.       --lxc-conf=[]               Add custom lxc options
    36.       -m, --memory=               Memory limit
    37.       --mac-address=              Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
    38.       --memory-swap=              Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
    39.       --name=                     Assign a name to the container
    40.       --net=bridge                Set the Network mode for the container
    41.       --oom-kill-disable=false    Disable OOM Killer
    42.       -P, --publish-all=false     Publish all exposed ports to random ports
    43.       -p, --publish=[]            Publish a container's port(s) to the host
    44.       --pid=                      PID namespace to use
    45.       --privileged=false          Give extended privileges to this container
    46.       --read-only=false           Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
    47.       --restart=no                Restart policy to apply when a container exits
    48.       --rm=false                  Automatically remove the container when it exits
    49.       --security-opt=[]           Security Options
    50.       --sig-proxy=true            Proxy received signals to the process
    51.       -t, --tty=false             Allocate a pseudo-TTY
    52.       -u, --user=                 Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
    53.       --ulimit=[]                 Ulimit options
    54.       --uts=                      UTS namespace to use
    55.       -v, --volume=[]             Bind mount a volume
    56.       --volumes-from=[]           Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
    57.       -w, --workdir=              Working directory inside the container
    • 例子

    用法与create类似，只是在创建容器后不需要进行start操作就可以运行。

    1. $  sudo docker run ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'
    2. Hello world
    3. $...

    与上面一样，在运行完Hello world 之后也会退出容器。

    Daemonized（守护态）

    往往我们需要容器在后台一致执行，这时我们就需要在创建镜像的时候让容器以守护台方式(-d 参数)运行。

    1. $ sudo docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
    2. 61f37c1940c8ec9f08b107e99655b8a5181ded340415e3c15cf413069d556b73
    3. $...

    这时，我们查看一下容器状态：

    1. $ sudo  docker ps -a
    2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                CREATED               STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    3. 61f37c1940c8        ubuntu:latest          "/bin/sh -c 'while t   4 seconds ago         Up 3 seconds                                    prickly_galileo
    4. ...

    查看容器输出的信息

    1. $ sudo docker logs 61f37c1940c8
    2. hello world
    3. hello world
    4. hello world
    5. hello world
    6. ...

    • 总结

      让容器以后台方式运行，并不是加一个 -d 参数就可以，命令行COMMAND所执行的动作必须为持续运行的状态。