- 派发更新
- 过程分析
- 总结
派发更新
通过上一节分析我们了解了响应式数据依赖收集过程,收集的目的就是为了当我们修改数据的时候,可以对相关的依赖派发更新,那么这一节我们来详细分析这个过程。
我们先来回顾一下 setter 部分的逻辑:
/*** Define a reactive property on an Object.*/export function defineReactive (obj: Object,key: string,val: any,customSetter?: ?Function,shallow?: boolean) {const dep = new Dep()const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)if (property && property.configurable === false) {return}// cater for pre-defined getter/settersconst getter = property && property.getconst setter = property && property.setif ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) {val = obj[key]}let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {enumerable: true,configurable: true,// ...set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val/* eslint-disable no-self-compare */if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {return}/* eslint-enable no-self-compare */if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {customSetter()}if (setter) {setter.call(obj, newVal)} else {val = newVal}childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)dep.notify()}})}
setter 的逻辑有 2 个关键的点,一个是 childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal),如果 shallow 为 false 的情况,会对新设置的值变成一个响应式对象;另一个是 dep.notify(),通知所有的订阅者,这是本节的关键,接下来我会带大家完整的分析整个派发更新的过程。
过程分析
当我们在组件中对响应的数据做了修改,就会触发 setter 的逻辑,最后调用 dep.notify() 方法,它是 Dep 的一个实例方法,定义在 src/core/observer/dep.js 中:
class Dep {// ...notify () {// stabilize the subscriber list firstconst subs = this.subs.slice()for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {subs[i].update()}}}
这里的逻辑非常简单,遍历所有的 subs,也就是 Watcher 的实例数组,然后调用每一个 watcher 的 update 方法,它的定义在 src/core/observer/watcher.js 中:
class Watcher {// ...update () {/* istanbul ignore else */if (this.computed) {// A computed property watcher has two modes: lazy and activated.// It initializes as lazy by default, and only becomes activated when// it is depended on by at least one subscriber, which is typically// another computed property or a component's render function.if (this.dep.subs.length === 0) {// In lazy mode, we don't want to perform computations until necessary,// so we simply mark the watcher as dirty. The actual computation is// performed just-in-time in this.evaluate() when the computed property// is accessed.this.dirty = true} else {// In activated mode, we want to proactively perform the computation// but only notify our subscribers when the value has indeed changed.this.getAndInvoke(() => {this.dep.notify()})}} else if (this.sync) {this.run()} else {queueWatcher(this)}}}
这里对于 Watcher 的不同状态,会执行不同的逻辑,computed 和 sync 等状态的分析我会之后抽一小节详细介绍,在一般组件数据更新的场景,会走到最后一个 queueWatcher(this) 的逻辑,queueWatcher 的定义在 src/core/observer/scheduler.js 中:
const queue: Array<Watcher> = []let has: { [key: number]: ?true } = {}let waiting = falselet flushing = false/*** Push a watcher into the watcher queue.* Jobs with duplicate IDs will be skipped unless it's* pushed when the queue is being flushed.*/export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {const id = watcher.idif (has[id] == null) {has[id] = trueif (!flushing) {queue.push(watcher)} else {// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.let i = queue.length - 1while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {i--}queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)}// queue the flushif (!waiting) {waiting = truenextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)}}}
这里引入了一个队列的概念,这也是 Vue 在做派发更新的时候的一个优化的点,它并不会每次数据改变都触发 watcher 的回调,而是把这些 watcher 先添加到一个队列里,然后在 nextTick 后执行 flushSchedulerQueue。
这里有几个细节要注意一下,首先用 has 对象保证同一个 Watcher 只添加一次;接着对 flushing 的判断,else 部分的逻辑稍后我会讲;最后通过 wating 保证对 nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue) 的调用逻辑只有一次,另外 nextTick 的实现我之后会抽一小节专门去讲,目前就可以理解它是在下一个 tick,也就是异步的去执行 flushSchedulerQueue。
接下来我们来看 flushSchedulerQueue 的实现,它的定义在 src/core/observer/scheduler.js 中。
let flushing = falselet index = 0/*** Flush both queues and run the watchers.*/function flushSchedulerQueue () {flushing = truelet watcher, id// Sort queue before flush.// This ensures that:// 1. Components are updated from parent to child. (because parent is always// created before the child)// 2. A component's user watchers are run before its render watcher (because// user watchers are created before the render watcher)// 3. If a component is destroyed during a parent component's watcher run,// its watchers can be skipped.queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id)// do not cache length because more watchers might be pushed// as we run existing watchersfor (index = 0; index < queue.length; index++) {watcher = queue[index]if (watcher.before) {watcher.before()}id = watcher.idhas[id] = nullwatcher.run()// in dev build, check and stop circular updates.if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && has[id] != null) {circular[id] = (circular[id] || 0) + 1if (circular[id] > MAX_UPDATE_COUNT) {warn('You may have an infinite update loop ' + (watcher.user? `in watcher with expression "${watcher.expression}"`: `in a component render function.`),watcher.vm)break}}}// keep copies of post queues before resetting stateconst activatedQueue = activatedChildren.slice()const updatedQueue = queue.slice()resetSchedulerState()// call component updated and activated hookscallActivatedHooks(activatedQueue)callUpdatedHooks(updatedQueue)// devtool hook/* istanbul ignore if */if (devtools && config.devtools) {devtools.emit('flush')}}
这里有几个重要的逻辑要梳理一下,对于一些分支逻辑如 keep-alive 组件相关和之前提到过的 updated 钩子函数的执行会略过。
- 队列排序
queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id)对队列做了从小到大的排序,这么做主要有以下要确保以下几点:
1.组件的更新由父到子;因为父组件的创建过程是先于子的,所以 watcher 的创建也是先父后子,执行顺序也应该保持先父后子。
2.用户的自定义 watcher 要优先于渲染 watcher 执行;因为用户自定义 watcher 是在渲染 watcher 之前创建的。
3.如果一个组件在父组件的 watcher 执行期间被销毁,那么它对应的 watcher 执行都可以被跳过,所以父组件的 watcher 应该先执行。
- 队列遍历
在对queue排序后,接着就是要对它做遍历,拿到对应的watcher,执行watcher.run()。这里需要注意一个细节,在遍历的时候每次都会对queue.length求值,因为在watcher.run()的时候,很可能用户会再次添加新的watcher,这样会再次执行到queueWatcher,如下:
export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {const id = watcher.idif (has[id] == null) {has[id] = trueif (!flushing) {queue.push(watcher)} else {// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.let i = queue.length - 1while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {i--}queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)}// ...}}
可以看到,这时候 flushing 为 true,就会执行到 else 的逻辑,然后就会从后往前找,找到第一个待插入 watcher 的 id 比当前队列中 watcher 的 id 大的位置。把 watcher 按照 id的插入到队列中,因此 queue 的长度发送了变化。
- 状态恢复
这个过程就是执行resetSchedulerState函数,它的定义在src/core/observer/scheduler.js中。
const queue: Array<Watcher> = []let has: { [key: number]: ?true } = {}let circular: { [key: number]: number } = {}let waiting = falselet flushing = falselet index = 0/*** Reset the scheduler's state.*/function resetSchedulerState () {index = queue.length = activatedChildren.length = 0has = {}if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {circular = {}}waiting = flushing = false}
逻辑非常简单,就是把这些控制流程状态的一些变量恢复到初始值,把 watcher 队列清空。
接下来我们继续分析 watcher.run() 的逻辑,它的定义在 src/core/observer/watcher.js 中。
class Watcher {/*** Scheduler job interface.* Will be called by the scheduler.*/run () {if (this.active) {this.getAndInvoke(this.cb)}}getAndInvoke (cb: Function) {const value = this.get()if (value !== this.value ||// Deep watchers and watchers on Object/Arrays should fire even// when the value is the same, because the value may// have mutated.isObject(value) ||this.deep) {// set new valueconst oldValue = this.valuethis.value = valuethis.dirty = falseif (this.user) {try {cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)} catch (e) {handleError(e, this.vm, `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`)}} else {cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)}}}}
run 函数实际上就是执行 this.getAndInvoke 方法,并传入 watcher 的回调函数。getAndInvoke 函数逻辑也很简单,先通过 this.get() 得到它当前的值,然后做判断,如果满足新旧值不等、新值是对象类型、deep 模式任何一个条件,则执行 watcher 的回调,注意回调函数执行的时候会把第一个和第二个参数传入新值 value 和旧值 oldValue,这就是当我们添加自定义 watcher 的时候能在回调函数的参数中拿到新旧值的原因。
那么对于渲染 watcher 而言,它在执行 this.get() 方法求值的时候,会执行 getter 方法:
updateComponent = () => {vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)}
所以这就是当我们去修改组件相关的响应式数据的时候,会触发组件重新渲染的原因,接着就会重新执行 patch 的过程,但它和首次渲染有所不同,之后我们会花一小节去详细介绍。
总结
通过这一节的分析,我们对 Vue 数据修改派发更新的过程也有了认识,实际上就是当数据发生变化的时候,触发 setter 逻辑,把在依赖过程中订阅的的所有观察者,也就是 watcher,都触发它们的 update 过程,这个过程又利用了队列做了进一步优化,在 nextTick 后执行所有 watcher 的 run,最后执行它们的回调函数。nextTick 是 Vue 一个比较核心的实现了,下一节我们来重点分析它的实现。
原文: https://ustbhuangyi.github.io/vue-analysis/reactive/setters.html
