- RDDs
- 利用反射推断模式
- 编程指定模式
RDDs
Spark支持两种方法将存在的RDDs转换为SchemaRDDs。第一种方法使用反射来推断包含特定对象类型的RDD的模式(schema)。在你写spark程序的同时,当你已经知道了模式,这种基于反射的
方法可以使代码更简洁并且程序工作得更好。
创建SchemaRDDs的第二种方法是通过一个编程接口来实现,这个接口允许你构造一个模式,然后在存在的RDDs上使用它。虽然这种方法更冗长,但是它允许你在运行期之前不知道列以及列
的类型的情况下构造SchemaRDDs。
利用反射推断模式
Spark SQL的Scala接口支持将包含样本类的RDDs自动转换为SchemaRDD。这个样本类定义了表的模式。
给样本类的参数名字通过反射来读取,然后作为列的名字。样本类可以嵌套或者包含复杂的类型如序列或者数组。这个RDD可以隐式转化为一个SchemaRDD,然后注册为一个表。表可以在后续的
sql语句中使用。
// sc is an existing SparkContext.val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)// createSchemaRDD is used to implicitly convert an RDD to a SchemaRDD.import sqlContext.createSchemaRDD// Define the schema using a case class.// Note: Case classes in Scala 2.10 can support only up to 22 fields. To work around this limit,// you can use custom classes that implement the Product interface.case class Person(name: String, age: Int)// Create an RDD of Person objects and register it as a table.val people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt").map(_.split(",")).map(p => Person(p(0), p(1).trim.toInt))people.registerTempTable("people")// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.val teenagers = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people WHERE age >= 13 AND age <= 19")// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.teenagers.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)
编程指定模式
当样本类不能提前确定(例如,记录的结构是经过编码的字符串,或者一个文本集合将会被解析,不同的字段投影给不同的用户),一个SchemaRDD可以通过三步来创建。
- 从原来的RDD创建一个行的RDD
- 创建由一个
StructType表示的模式与第一步创建的RDD的行结构相匹配 - 在行RDD上通过
applySchema方法应用模式
// sc is an existing SparkContext.val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)// Create an RDDval people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt")// The schema is encoded in a stringval schemaString = "name age"// Import Spark SQL data types and Row.import org.apache.spark.sql._// Generate the schema based on the string of schemaval schema =StructType(schemaString.split(" ").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))// Convert records of the RDD (people) to Rows.val rowRDD = people.map(_.split(",")).map(p => Row(p(0), p(1).trim))// Apply the schema to the RDD.val peopleSchemaRDD = sqlContext.applySchema(rowRDD, schema)// Register the SchemaRDD as a table.peopleSchemaRDD.registerTempTable("people")// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.val results = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people")// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.results.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)
